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Robert Walser (writer)
:''For the U.S. musicologist, see Robert Walser (musicologist).''
Robert Walser (15 April 1878 – 25 December 1956) was a German-speaking Swiss writer.
Walser is understood to be the missing link between Kleist and Kafka. "Indeed," writes Susan Sontag, "At the time (Walser’s writing ), it was more likely to be Kafka (was understood by posterity ) through the prism of Walser. Robert Musil, another admirer among Walser’s contemporaries, when he first read Kafka pronounced (work ) as, 'a peculiar case of the Walser type.'"〔Susan Sontag,"Walser's Voice." From ''Selected Stories of Robert Walser'', 2002. New York: NYRB Classics ISBN=978-0940322981〕 Walser was admired early on by writers such as Robert Musil, Hermann Hesse, Stefan Zweig, Walter Benjamin and Franz Kafka, and was in fact better known in his lifetime than Franz Kafka or Walter Benjamin, for example.
Nevertheless, Walser was never able to support himself based on the meager income he made from his writings, and he worked as a copyist, an inventor's assistant, a butler and in various other low-paying trades. Despite marginal early success in his literary career, the popularity of his work gradually diminished over the second and third decades of the 20th century, making it increasingly difficult for him to support himself through writing. He eventually suffered a nervous breakdown, and spent the remainder of his life in sanatoriums, taking frequent long walks. A revival of interest in his works arose when, in the late-twentieth century and the early 2000s, his work from the Pencil Zone, also known as ''Bleistiftgebiet'' or "the Microscripts"—works he had written in a microscopically tiny hand, in a coded alphabet while in the sanatorium—were finally deciphered, translated and published.
==Life and work==
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